Mechanical processing dust pollution prevention measures

1 hazards of dust pollution in mechanical processing

1.1 endanger human health. If long-term exposure to mechanical processing dust, it is easy to cause acute and chronic pneumonia, dust lung, bronchial disease and many other lung diseases. When the dust contains lead, zinc, manganese and other particles, once inhaled by the human body, it will cause systemic poisoning and easily cause skin diseases. In addition, once the relatively small toxic dust particles enter the human body, it is also very likely to create a slight poisoning of the body [1]. 1.2 cause security incidents. The use of magnesium aluminum alloy dust contains a large number of aluminum, magnesium particles, once encountered static electricity, it is very likely to cause fire and explosion, and more terrible is that once the fire or explosion is generated, the dust in the air wave and shock wave will produce dust cloud, resulting in secondary explosion, in the secondary explosion is often accompanied by a large number of toxic gases. 1.3 affect production efficiency and processing quality. In recent years, with the development of science and technology, the traditional machining equipment has been gradually replaced by CNC machine tools. These data machines have a large number of circuit boards inside, and in the processing process, once metal dust particles enter the circuit board, it is very easy to cause short circuit. In addition, dust particles will enter the data interface and communication interface of the machine tool, which will bring extremely adverse effects on the accuracy and sensitivity of the CNC machine tool, and will affect the service life of the CNC machine tool. And the friction between the dust and the tool will also cause the service life of the tool to be greatly reduced, resulting in poor product quality after processing.

Research Progress of Dust Pollution in Machining

In order to control the problem of dust pollution in mechanical processing, a lot of research has been carried out on dust pollution and prevention work at home and abroad. Stober studied the dust particles of dust pollution. He defined the dust diameter by using aerodynamics, and hypothesized the particle motion in the dust. He proposed that the dust particles will move at a low Reynolds number in still air, and their moving settling velocity is the same as the actual particle diameter. The US Environmental Protection Agency has also classified the aerodynamic diameter of dust particles in detail according to their size, and summarized and sorted out the hazards of these dust particles with different diameters. In addition, the research on machining dust at home and abroad has gone deep into the nano-scale, and Zaghbani et al. studied the particle size range of nano-scale dust particles using statistical methods, and the results showed that the mechanical cutting conditions will have an important impact on the particle size distribution of dust. In the mechanism of machining dust pollution, Zimmer et al. found that the grinding wheel and materials in the machining process will condense in the air after high temperature combustion and volatilization, thus producing a large number of ultrafine dust particles. In addition, domestic and foreign researchers have also carried out in-depth research on the relevant factors affecting machining dust. Hoover et al. found that during the sawing and milling process of machining, the dust particles produced by beryllium metal are larger than those of nickel beryllium alloy and copper beryllium alloy. Songmene et al. found that the use of low-speed and high-speed machining in the process of drilling dust emissions are relatively small, while the medium-speed drilling will produce a large amount of dust. Khettabi and others use orthogonal cutting test to prove the influence of tool on dust [2].

3 mechanical processing dust pollution prevention and control measures

3.1 and improve the dust pollution prevention and control legislation, the establishment of regulatory mechanisms. In order to prevent the serious problems caused by dust pollution, we should constantly improve the legislation of dust pollution, and prevent and control the dust pollution through the continuous improvement of the law. In order to effectively implement the relevant laws and regulations, regulatory agencies should also be set up, and relevant systems and rules such as regulatory procedures, regulatory methods and treatment methods should be established, so as to ensure that the law enforcement authority of regulatory agencies can go deep into mechanical processing enterprises and ensure good control of dust pollution. Regulators should set up supervisors, strengthen the professional ability training of supervisors, improve the legal awareness of supervisors, and introduce dust detection instruments into various mechanical processing enterprises through the continuous improvement and perfection of detection means, so as to improve the supervision level of regulators [3]. 3.2 strengthen production safety awareness and do a good job in training. Mechanical processing enterprise management personnel should strengthen the awareness of safety in production, fully aware of the dangers of dust pollution, and increase the capital investment in the prevention and control of dust pollution, and earnestly do a good job in dust prevention and control related training. Regulatory agencies should train managers of mechanical processing enterprises on dust prevention and control knowledge. Mechanical processing enterprises should carry out pre job dust prevention education for operators, strictly abide by national laws and regulations and regulations of regulatory departments, ensure safe production work, and regularly carry out physical inspection on operators to ensure that the dust pollution hazard is reduced to the lowest level. 3.3 the use of a variety of dust prevention and control measures to strengthen dust pollution control. Mechanical processing enterprises should use a variety of means to prevent and control dust pollution, in order to strengthen the dust pollution control, in the source of pollution, to introduce more advanced processing technology, in order to improve the processing efficiency at the same time, but also to avoid a large number of dust. In the dust diffusion, it is necessary to find out the path of dust diffusion, and use the protective cover to transform the sealing performance of the machine tool. The factory, grinder, milling machine, lathe and other equipment should also be transformed to prevent dust from entering the mechanical processing equipment. In addition, machinery manufacturing enterprises should also use the combination of natural ventilation and mechanical ventilation to speed up the spread of dust, so as to avoid dust pollution to the environment. 3.4 wear dust protection equipment to isolate dust hazards. Mechanical processing enterprise operators in the processing process, should wear dust masks and dust clothing, in order to strengthen the personal protection of dust, the enterprise should continue to improve the dust protective equipment, and regular cleaning and replacement of dust protective equipment, in order to ensure that dust protective equipment can play a proper role in isolation.

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